How to combine two vectors in R

March 15, 2026 · 1 min read · Updated March 15, 2026 · beginner

r vectors combining base-r

Combine vectors using base R functions.

With c()

Use c() to concatenate vectors:

x <- c(1, 2, 3)
y <- c(4, 5, 6)

combined <- c(x, y)
# [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6

This works for any atomic vector type:

letters1 <- c("a", "b")
letters2 <- c("c", "d")
c(letters1, letters2)
# [1] "a" "b" "c" "d"

Insert elements at a specific position:

result <- append(x, y, after = 2)
# [1] 1 2 4 5 6 3

Use after = 0 to prepend.