print()

print(x, ...)

print() displays R objects in the console or an output connection. It is a generic function with methods for vectors, data frames, lists, matrices, and many other object types.

Syntax

print(x, ...)

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
x	object	—	An object to print
...	arguments	—	Additional arguments passed to methods
digits	integer	NULL	Number of significant digits
quote	logical	FALSE	Whether to quote string output
print.gap	integer	NULL	Spacing for matrix/array output

Examples

Basic usage

# Print a vector
x <- c(1, 2, 3)
print(x)
# [1] 1 2 3

# Print a data frame
df <- data.frame(name = c("Alice", "Bob"), age = c(25, 30))
print(df)
#   name age
# 1 Alice  25
# 2   Bob  30

Controlling output

# Print with more digits
pi_values <- c(pi, pi^2, pi^3)
print(pi_values, digits = 5)
# [1]  3.1416  9.8696 31.0063

# Quote strings in output
words <- c("hello", "world")
print(words, quote = TRUE)
# [1] "hello" "world"

Common Patterns

• Use print() inside functions to debug values
• Set digits for consistent numeric precision
• Use cat() for simpler output without row numbers

See Also

• cat()
• readline()
• range()